Survey of Ophthalmology Volume 67, Issue 1

A problem in nosology
Pages 1-1. Gittinger, John W., MD.

In this issue, I have provided my thoughts on the diagnosis and management of what I argue should be called medically unexplained visual loss. Lee and colleagues also present their recommendation that the terminology functional visual system disor…

Diagnosis and management of medically unexplained visual loss: One clinician’s perspective
Pages 2-7. Gittinger, John W., MD.

First, some comments about terminology. Visual loss without organic basis is variously termed hysterical, malingering, factitious, nonorganic, nonphysiologic, functional, psychogenic, and medically unexplained. I avoid the term hysterical because …

Functional vision disorders in adults: a paradigm and nomenclature shift for ophthalmology
Pages 8-18. Raviskanthan, Subahari, MBBS, Wendt, Sydney, BS, Ugoh, Peter M., BSA, Mortensen, Peter W., MD, Moss, Heather E., MD, PhD, and Lee, Andrew G., MD.

Highlights•Functional neurological symptom disorder (FND) is the current preferred nomenclature. •Patients with FND have symptoms incompatible with their signs or recognized medical conditions. •We propose “functional vision disorder” (FVD) to rem…

Molecular mechanisms and treatments for ocular symblephara
Pages 19-30. Swarup, Aditi, PhD, Ta, Christopher N., MD, and Wu, Albert Y., MD, PhD, FACS.

ABSTRACTThere are currently no effective methods to prevent or durably treat ocular symblephara, the adhesions between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. How symblephara form at the molecular level is largely unknown. We present here an overvie…

Imaging of vascular abnormalities in ocular surface disease
Pages 31-51. Romano, Vito, MD, Steger, Bernhard, MD, Ahmad, Mohammad, FRCOphth, Coco, Giulia, MD, Pagano, Luca, MD, Ahmad, Sajjad, PhD, Zhao, Yitian, PhD, Zheng, Yalin, PhD, and Kaye, Stephen B, MD.

AbstractThe vascular system of the ocular surface plays a central role in infectious, autoimmune, inflammatory, traumatic and neoplastic diseases. The development, application, and monitoring of treatments for vascular abnormalities depends on the…

A review of filamentary keratitis
Pages 52-59. Weiss, Menachem, MD, Molina, Ryan, BS, Ofoegbuna, Chibuike, BS, Johnson, Daniel A., MD, MBA, and Kheirkhah, Ahmad, MD.

AbstractFilamentary keratitis (FK) is characterized by the presence of filaments on the corneal surface that are often associated with symptoms of foreign body sensation, irritation, and eye pain. FK is associated with a variety of ocular and syst…

Corneal collagen as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease
Pages 60-67. Baratta, Robert O., MD, Schlumpf, Eric, Buono, Brian J. Del, PhD, DeLorey, Shawn, and Calkins, David J., PhD.

AbstractDry eye disease (DED) is a major cause of ocular discomfort, inflammation and dysfunction worldwide. Tear film instability in DED both causes and is exacerbated by disruption of the corneal epithelium. This tandem leads to a cycle of infla…

Optical coherence tomography angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy: The current clinical role and future perspectives
Pages 68-82. Pujari, Amar, MD, Surve, Abhidnya, MD, Azad, Shorya Vardhan, MD, Beniwal, Abhijeet, MBBS, SJ, Vikas, MD, Chawla, Rohan, MD, FRCS, Sachan, Anusha, MD, Kumar, Aman, MD, and Kumar, Atul, MD, FRCS.

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images the layers of retinal and choroidal vasculature in the absence of an injectable dye. Since its introduction, OCTA has been utilized in various posterior segment diseases, including cen…

Pentosan polysulfate maculopathy
Pages 83-96. Lindeke-Myers, Aaron, MD, Hanif, Adam M., MD, and Jain, Nieraj, MD.

Highlights•Long-term use of pentosan polysulfate (trade name Elmiron) can cause maculopathy. •Incidence is dose dependent with a 1,818 g median cumulative dosage in reported cases. •May result in prominent macular dysfunction, especially in cases …

Retinal toxicities of systemic anticancer drugs 
Pages 97-148. Arora, Supriya, MS, FICO, FAICO (vitreoretina), Surakiatchanukul, Thamolwan, MD, Arora, Tarun, MD, FICO, Errera, Marie Helene, MD, Agrawal, Hitesh, MS, Lupidi, Marco, MD, PhD, and Chhablani, Jay, MD.

AbstractNewer anticancer drugs have revolutionized cancer treatment in the last decade, but conventional chemotherapy still occupies a central position in many cancers, with combination therapy and newer methods of delivery increasing their effica…

Serous retinal detachment as a sign of leukemic choroidopathy: A systematic review
Pages 149-167. Adaniya, Agustina, MD, Luciano, Andreas Di, MD, Alvarado-Villacorta, Rosa, MD, MSc(c), Saravia, Mario J., MD, PhD, Morales-Cantón, Virgilio, MD, Bazterrechea, Pablo, MD, and Schlaen, Bernardo Ariel, MD, PhD..

ABSTRACTLeukemia is a rare disease associated with a high mortality rate. The presence of unilateral or bilateral serous retinal detachment (SRD) as a sign of choroidal infiltration can be one of the manifestations of acute leukemia, both as a pri…

Diabetic retinopathy, oxidative stress, and sirtuins: an in depth look in enzymatic patterns and new therapeutic horizons 
Pages 168-183. Nebbioso, Marcella, MD, Lambiase, Alessandro, MD, PhD, Armentano, Marta, MD, Tucciarone, Giosuè, MD, Sacchetti, Marta, MD, PhD, Greco, Antonio, MD, and Alisi, Ludovico, MD.

Highlights•Dismetabolic pathways in diabetes mellitus (DM) involve the Sirtuins (SIRTs). •SIRTs are a recently discovered class of 7 histone deacetylases altered in DM. •Retinopathy in DM, inflammation and oxidative stress are strictly related to …

Pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle, and pneumatic retinopexy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a meta-analysis
Pages 184-196. Popovic, Marko M., MD, MPH(C), Muni, Rajeev H., MD, MSc, FRCSC, Nichani, Prem, MSc, MD, and Kertes, Peter J., MD, FRCSC.

AbstractWe reviewed the literature on the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckle (SB), and pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). A systematic search was performed on …

Elucidation of the role of the lamina cribrosa in glaucoma using optical coherence tomography
Pages 197-216. Andrade, Julia Corradi F., MD, Kanadani, Fábio N., MD, PhD, Furlanetto, Rafael L., MD, PhD, Lopes, Flavio S., MD, Ritch, Robert, MD, FACS, and Prata, Tiago S., MD, PhD.

AbstractGlaucoma is a chronic and progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells and corresponding visual field loss. Despite the growing number of studies on the subject, the pathogenesis of the disease remains …

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmology medical student teaching: educational innovations, challenges, and future directions
Pages 217-225. Succar, Tony, PhD, MScMed(OphthSc), Beaver, Hilary A., MD, and Lee, Andrew G., MD.

AbstractGraduate medical education (GME) in ophthalmology has faced and overcome many challenges over the past years, and 2020 has been a game-changer. Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic disrupted medical education…

Animal and cadaver human eyes for residents’ surgical training in ophthalmology
Pages 226-251. Pujari, Amar, MD, Saluja, Gunjan, MD, Bhaskaran, Karthika, MD, Modaboyina, Sujeeth, MD, Asif, Mohamed Ibrahime, MD, Agarwal, Tushar, MD, Sharma, Namrata, MD, and Titiyal, Jeewan S., MD.

AbstractIn ophthalmology residency programs surgical training plays a vital role in creating confident and skillful surgeons. As almost all ophthalmic surgery needs microscope training, creating a well-taught environment for hand-eye coordination,…

Artificial intelligence: the unstoppable revolution in ophthalmology
Pages 252-270. Benet, David, Msc, and Pellicer-Valero, Oscar J., Msc.

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is an unstoppable force that is starting to permeate all aspects of our society as part of the revolution being brought into our lives (and into medicine) by the digital era, and accelerated by the current COVI…

Dural venous sinus stenting in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A systematic review and critique of literature
Pages 271-287. Kabanovski, Anna, Kisilevsky, Eli, MD, Yang, Yelin, MD, and Margolin, Edward, MD.

AbstractIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is increased intracranial pressure without a known cause. Dural venous sinus stenting (DVSS) is a relatively new intervention for treatment of IIH refractory to medical therapy and lifestyle modif…

As the worm turns: An infant with exotropia
Pages 288-292. Hennein, Lauren, MD, de Alba Campomanes, Alejandra G., MD, MPH, Afshar, Armin R., MD, MBA, MAS, and Robbins, Shira L., MD.

AbstractA two-year-old full-term boy with a history of an intermittent exotropia presented to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic for routine follow-up. He was found to have a stable sensorimotor examination however dilated funduscopic examination …