This section provides a comprehensive overview of clinical optics, including current applications of optical phenomena such as lasers, spectacles, IOLs and refractive surgery. Deepen your understanding with nine clinical videos, a Quick-Start Guide to Optics and How to Refract and chapter highlights. Both print and eBook users have access to the videos. Reviews optics of the human eye; basic concepts of geometric optics; ophthalmic instruments and contact lenses. Vision rehabilitation is also discussed. Includes real-life clinical examples, figures and learning exercises to help gauge your understanding of the material. Upon completion of Section 3, readers should be able to: *Outline the principles of light propagation and image formation and work through some of the fundamental equations that describe or measure such properties as refraction, reflection, magnification and vergence; *Define the various types of visual perception and function, including visual acuity, brightness sensitivity, color perception and contrast sensitivity; *Explain the optical principles underlying various modalities of refractive correction: spectacles, contact lenses, intraocular lenses and refractive surgery. // Last major revision: 2018-2019 // About the BCSC: The Academy’s Basic and Clinical Science CourseTM is ophthalmology s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care. Stay current with the ophthalmic reference that is vetted by 100+ ophthalmologists every year. // Each of the 13 volumes includes up-to-date clinical knowledge, concise information and tables, self-assessment questions with answers, photos and illustrations and opportunities for earning AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. // Beginning with the 2013 2014 edition, the Academy and the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) have partnered to make the BCSC the standard text for all European ophthalmology training programs. The EBO now recommends the BCSC as the primary educational resource for European trainees and ophthalmologists studying for the annual EBO Diploma Exam. // CME Information: The American Academy of Ophthalmology is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. // The American Academy of Ophthalmology designates this enduring material for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.